The result leaves Group G finely poised, with all matches played so far ending in draws. Belgium sit on two points after consecutive stalemates and now face a must-win final group game against New Zealand, while Iran remain firmly in contention for a historic place in the knockout stages.

Despite boasting an experienced line-up featuring Kevin De Bruyne, Romelu Lukaku and Thibaut Courtois, Belgium struggled to break down a disciplined Iranian defence and were fortunate not to fall behind.

Iran thought they had taken the lead midway through the first half when Mehdi Taremi finished a cleverly rehearsed free-kick routine. However, after a VAR review, the goal was ruled out for offside.

Belgium controlled possession for long spells but found clear-cut chances difficult to create. Lukaku, restored to the starting line-up after his impact off the bench against Egypt, saw a headed effort drift over the crossbar.

Iran looked dangerous whenever they ventured forward. Hossein Kanani forced Courtois into an excellent save after a long throw caused problems, while Taremi repeatedly threatened to punish Belgium's defensive lapses.

Belgium increased the pressure after the interval and came closest to scoring when Maxim De Cuyper met a superb delivery from De Bruyne, only for goalkeeper Alireza Beiranvand to produce a remarkable save. The Iranian captain had already denied Youri Tielemans earlier in the match and proved the difference once again.

Belgium's task became significantly harder in the 66th minute when Ngoy was shown a straight red card. The 23-year-old badly underhit a pass towards Courtois before bringing down Taremi as the striker raced through on goal.

Sensing an opportunity, Iran pushed forward in search of a winner. Courtois was again called into action to deny Taremi, while Belgium relied on desperate defending and occasional counterattacks to survive.

Neither side could find a breakthrough in a tense closing period, although De Cuyper went close once more with a low strike from outside the area.

For Iran, the point represented another important step forward. Having already drawn with New Zealand, Team Melli remain unbeaten after two matches for the first time at a World Cup and sit ahead of Belgium on goals scored. Their hopes of reaching the knockout stages for the first time remain very much alive despite travel restrictions and visa complications that have disrupted preparations throughout the tournament.

Belgium, meanwhile, face mounting pressure. The 2018 semi-finalists have now drawn both of their group matches and risk a second successive group-stage exit unless they can finally secure a victory against New Zealand in their final fixture.

Mamelodi Sundowns coach Miguel Cardoso: We need as many points as possible, as quickly as possible